What Are Hard Skills? Definition and Examples

Hard skills are objective, quantifiable skills gained through training, school, or work experiences. Not only can you learn hard skills, but you can easily prove them — for example, you either know how to write code or you don’t. Certifications, degrees, and licenses can demonstrate to potential employers that you have certain hard skills.

>>MORE: Learn what careers are right for you based on your skills with a career aptitude test.

Types of Hard Skills

Technical Skills

Technical skills involve knowing how to use specific software or equipment. You often need these skills for jobs in information technology, engineering, and science, but hard technical skills can come in handy in a variety of positions. Technical skills are highly-sought after, too — according to a 2022 survey from the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE), 50% of employers are looking for technical skills on candidates’ resumes.

Examples of technical skills include:

• Computer-aided design (CAD)
• Regression analysis and modeling 
• Customer relationship management (CRM) programs 
• Drafting
• Network administration
• Technical troubleshooting
• Blockchain
• Prototyping
• Point of sale programs
• User experience (UX) design 
• Artificial intelligence
• Coding and programming, such as JavaScript or Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

>>MORE: Check out our picks for the best online coding bootcamps of 2023.

Analytical Skills

Gathering and analyzing data is a core function of many jobs. Data literacy and the ability to accurately understand and draw conclusions from data is a crucial skill for most workplaces. As technology grows, knowing how to make data-driven decisions is vital to the success of many businesses and industries. 

Examples of analytical hard skills and programs that help with analysis include:

• Data mining
• Database management 
• Diagnostics
• Forecasting
• Web analytics
• Research
• System Information for Windows (SIW)
• Data presentation and visualization
• Google Analytics
• Structured Query Language (SQL or Sequel)
• Excel
• Python

Computer Skills

Computer skills can range from basic computer literacy to being able to code or program computers. In modern workplaces, knowing your way around a computer is a vital skill. 

Examples of computer skills are:

• Microsoft Office Suite
• Google Suite programs
• Spreadsheets
• Social media
• Typing
• Graphics
• Email
• Antivirus programs
• Zoom
• Web browsers, like Firefox, Chrome, and Safari 
• Adobe PDF reader

>>MORE: Learn more about the top skills you need on your resume.

Marketing Skills

Hard skills for marketing include the familiarity with specific programs and platforms needed to track or create marketing materials and campaigns. Marketing skills also involve being able to communicate effectively and persuasively.  

Examples of marketing skills include:  

• Copywriting
• Search engine optimization (SEO)
• A/B testing
• Google Analytics and Google Search Console
• AdWords
• User research
• MailChimp
• Email marketing
• Social media marketing
• Salesforce
• Press release writing

Communication Skills

While general communication skills are often considered soft skills, hard communication skills involve specific ways of effectively showing and telling information and ideas to others. Communication skills can be as simple as writing professional emails to colleagues or as intricate as creating graphs and images to explain specific concepts. 

Examples of hard communication skills include: 

• Writing 
• Editing
• Gmail
• WordPress
• Foreign languages
• Translation and transliteration
• Transcription
• Graphic design
• Data visualization
• Typography 
• Excel for graphs and models 
• Adobe InDesign

Business, Finance, and Management Skills 

Business, finance, and management skills are specific abilities required for  running and regulating business and commerce. These skills involve being able to use certain programs to ensure the business runs smoothly and making calculations to inform difficult business decisions. 

Examples of business, finance, and management skills include: 

• Calculating business metrics, like profit margins
• Project management
• Logistics
• Budgeting
• Negotiating
• Payroll programs
• Sales
• Bookkeeping
• Accounting
• Auditing
• HubSpot
• Trello

Other Skills

There are virtually endless examples of hard skills. Essentially, if it’s something you can learn and can prove your expertise in, it’s probably a hard skill. Some are hyper-specific to certain industries, though. For example, being able to cut hair is a hard skill for hairstylists and running an X-ray machine is a hard skill for a radiologist. 

Some other examples of hard skills are: 

• Creating slideshows and presentations
• Proposal writing
• Knowledge of content management systems
• Adobe Creative Suite
• Print design
• Physical therapy
• Automotive technology
• Carpentry
• Plumbing
• Electric engineering
• Wireless broadcasting systems
• Human Resources Information System (HRIS) expertise

How to Showcase Your Hard Skills to Employers 

Use your resume and cover letter to show off your hard skills. Remember to back them up with evidence, too. For example, you can mention a project you worked on that used a specific skill or a course you took that taught you the skill.  

“When it comes to featuring hard skills in your resume, make sure you don’t just dump the terms in your Skills section and call it a day,” Daniel Lorenzo, marketing director at Let’s Eat, Grandma, says. “You need to provide clear evidence that you have used that skill to achieve results throughout your resume – mostly in your bullet points and your summary.”

Utilize the space in your cover letter to expand upon the key skills you mention in your resume. 

“In a cover letter, you can weave your hard skills into a story or anecdote that also tells … why you’re an outstanding candidate,” says Dan Shortbridge, resume writer and career coach and founder of Results Resumes. “For example, a welder can describe how they first became interested in welding and honed their skills creating items at their vocational-technical high school.”

Include Both Hard and Soft Skills

Employers want to see a mix of both hard skills and soft skills, and the difference between the two may not always be easy to define. Take communication for example: the ability to talk and interact with coworkers or clients professionally is typically considered an interpersonal or soft skill, but written communication is often labeled as a hard skill. Interpersonal skills aren’t something you can typically learn in a course or earn a certificate in, but you can learn to write effectively through school or training. 

Showcasing both hard and soft skills in your resume and cover letter can help you prove to employers that you have the technical abilities to do the job as well as the interpersonal and organizational skills to work effectively within their company. 

Start building your skills by taking one of Forage’s free job simulations. 

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